Diabetes Mellito is a 21st century scourge.This endocrine pancreas disease leads to damage to all organs.Above all, kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels suffer.Types of diabetes - Insulin -dheurning and Insulinhrous.The first species are more likely to suffer from children and young people under the age of 30, it is transmitted with the genes by inheritance.In this case, the desired standard of living cannot be reached without constant introduction of insulins.A insulin pump is best with this task.Type 2 diabetes is found in central and elderly people with an increase in body weight.
In this article, we will consider the differences between the diabetes of the 1st and 2nd types.
Characteristics of type 1 diabetes
The main mechanism for the development of the disease is the lack of insulin.This is a peptide hormone of the pancreas, produced by special beta cells from the Langernies islands.Its main function is to guarantee the glucose that enters the cell.Glucose is the main energy material, without it, life is impossible.In the first type of diabetes, sugar circulates in the blood, but is unable to enter the cell.Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is simple, based on the determination of glucose in the blood.With an increase in its level, you can make an appropriate diagnosis.Due to the need for patients to constantly take therapy, this diabetes is called insulin-dependent.
The causes of cell destruction that produce insulin are not very well studied.The most common autoimmune lesion mechanism is found when their immune cells attack the pancreas.For all life, all cells will be destroyed.The only method of treatment is replacement therapy with insulins.
The types of diabetes are easy to distinguish from each other.
Type 1 disease is inherited.Therefore, he begins to manifest himself at an early age.The vast majority of patients are detected up to 30 years.Debuts abruptly, serious symptoms develop in a short time.Cases are not rare when the first type diabetes manifests itself in a coma>.
Other characteristic symptoms include:
- unbearable thirst;
- increase in appetite;
- dry mouth;
- improved urination, included at night;
- loss of pronounced weight;
- itchy skin;
- pronounced weakness;
- sweating;
- vision of vision.
Characteristics of type 2 diabetes
It occurs with a constantly high glucose intake in the body.In the vast majority of cases it develops in patients with obesity.The mechanism of the disease is different, body cells do not perceive glucose or do not perceive insulin.This is due to a violation of the metabolism that occurs during obesity.
For a long time the disease does not appear.Therefore, patients present symptoms: for a long time wounds and non -hermetic cuts, dry jaws, visual compromise, long flow lilk.
Type 2 diabetes is dangerous with serious complications:
- Visual violation until blindness;
- Reduction of renal function;
- development of trophic ulcers;
- damage to the heart muscle;
- Frequent and prolonged infections.
The spectrum of the target organs is wide because the excess of glucose affects the blood vessels.That is, all organs and fabrics are influenced at various degrees.
The diagnosis of the disease is common for diabetes 1 and 2 types.
We examined the differences between the 1st and 2nd types of diabetes.What do these diseases have in common?
Despite the types of diabetes, the diagnosis is the same.The main test is the determination of glucose in the blood.Normally, this indicator does not exceed 5.5 mmol/l.Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when the glucose level exceeds 6.1 mmol/l.The intermediate result is not considered a disease.Summer sometimes increases with colds, injuries, stressful situations, non -compliance with the patient with the rules for the test, taking some drugs.In such cases, it is worth repeating the analysis after a few weeks.
In addition to determining blood sugar, other diagnostic methods are also used:
- Determination of glycated hemoglobin;
- determination of glucose and acetone in the urine;
- Determination of the peptide C.
In the conditions of the scientific centers, in order to distinguish the types of diabetes with each other, in controversial cases they use the identification of genes responsible for the development of hereditary diabetes.
Differences between the 1st and 2nd types of diabetes
The beginning of diabetes
The types of diabetes differ at the beginning of the disease.Hereditary diabetes suddenly develops, in young and thin, it proceeds heavily, requires emergency assistance.
Type 2 diabetes develops slowly, in elderly people with excess body weight, does not require urgent intervention.
Reception of insulin
It is necessary to treat type 1 and 2 diabetes. The difference in their treatment is enormous.
Treatment of the type dependent on insulin is mandatory.How long the patient will live without complications will live on correctly selected insulin therapy.Patients should study in special schools in diabetes to study their illness, learn to live fully.
The approach to acquired diabetes therapy is completely different.Only with prolonged heavy type 2 diabetes, after using the entire arsenal of tablets, diabetics are prescribed insulins.
In the modern world, diabetes is not condemned, patients live in old age, they can give birth to children.The spectrum of the professions that diabetics can master are very wide.
With the first identified diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, patients are hospitalized for the selection of insulin doses.After the discharge, the diabetic himself controls his diet, the level of blood sugar and insulin injections.You shouldn't be limited to food.The dose of the drug should correspond to the quantity of glucose in food.There are units of bread to measure it.This is a measurement of the sugar content in different types of food.In accordance with the number of food units, the patient must inject the equivalent dose of insulin to avoid coma.
Life
With the first type of second type diabetes, the main emphasis is on correct diet.The patient is forbidden to eat sweet, flour, sweet fruit, juices, some cereals.If blood sugar is not reached by modifying nutrition, drugs that leave sugar are prescribed.
The identification of congenital diabetes involves a cardinal change in lifestyle.Now the patient is linked to a vital dose of insulin.The refusal of the treatment means death.
Prevention
In addition to the treatment, the difference in two types of diabetes is the possibility of prevention.It is impossible to prevent the first type diabetes.But type 2 diabetes is not only possible, but also necessary.Obesity, the lack of motor activity, the abuse of sweets lead to the disease.